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1 Brewster, Sir David
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 11 December 1781 Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotlandd. 10 February 1868 Allerly, Scotland[br]Scottish scientist and popularizer of science, inventor of the kaleidoscope and lenticular stereoscope.[br]Originally destined to follow his father into the Church, Brewster studied divinity at Edinburgh University, where he met many distinguished men of science. He began to take a special interest in optics, and eventually abandoned the clerical profession. In 1813 he presented his first paper to the Royal Society on the properties of light, and within months invented the principle of the kaleidoscope. In 1844 Brewster described a binocular form of Wheatstone's reflecting stereoscope where the mirrors were replaced with lenses or prisms. The idea aroused little interest at the time, but in 1850 a model taken to Paris was brought to the notice of L.J. Duboscq, who immediately began to manufacture Brewster's stereoscope on a large scale; shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851, it attracted the attention of Queen Victoria. Stereoscopic photography rapidly became one of the fashionable preoccupations of the day arid did much to popularize photography. Although originally marketed as a scientific toy and drawing-room pastime, stereoscopy later found scientific application in such fields as microscopy, photogrammetry and radiography. Brewster was a prolific scientific author throughout his life. His income was derived mainly from his writing and he was one of the nineteenth century's most distinguished popularizers of science.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1832. FRS 1815.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1973, Vol. II, Oxford, pp. 1,207–11.A.D.Morrison-Low and J.R.R.Christie (eds), 1984, Martyr of Science, Edinburgh (proceedings of a Bicentenary Symposium).JW -
2 Photography, film and optics
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Ding HuanGabor, DennisKlic, KarolLippershey, HansMarton, LadislausTournachon, Gaspard FélixBiographical history of technology > Photography, film and optics
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Brewster, Sir David — ▪ Scottish physicist born Dec. 11, 1781, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scot. died Feb. 10, 1868, Allerby, Melrose, Roxburghshire Scottish physicist noted for his experimental work in optics and polarized light i.e., light in which all waves lie… … Universalium
Brewster , Sir David — (1781–1868) British physicist Brewster, who was born in Jedburgh, Scotland, started by studying for the ministry at Edinburgh University but, after completing the course, he abandoned the Church for science. He earned his living by editing… … Scientists
Brewster, Sir David — (1781 1868) Man of science and writer, b. at Jedburgh, originally intended to enter the Church, of which, after a distinguished course at the Univ. of Edin., he became a licentiate. Circumstances, however, led him to devote himself to science … Short biographical dictionary of English literature
BREWSTER, SIR DAVID — an eminent Scottish natural philosopher, born at Jedburgh; edited the Edinburgh Encyclopædia, in the pages of which Carlyle served his apprenticeship; specially distinguished for his discoveries in light, his studies in optics, and for his… … The Nuttall Encyclopaedia
David Brewster — Born 11 December 1781 Canongate, Jedburgh, Roxburghshire … Wikipedia
David Brewster — Nacimiento 1781 … Wikipedia Español
Brewster's law — Optics. the law that light will receive maximum polarization from a reflecting surface when it is incident to the surface at an angle (angle of polarization or polarizing angle) having a tangent equal to the index of refraction of the surface.… … Universalium
David Brewster — David Br … Deutsch Wikipedia
Brewster — (spr. brūster), Sir David, Physiker, geb. 11. Dez. 1781 zu Jedburgh in Schottland, gest. 10. Febr. 1868 in Allerly, studierte zu Edinburg, wurde Professor der Physik an der Universität zu St. Andrews, war lange Zeit Sekretär und Vizepräsident der … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
David Octavius Hill — The Scottish painter and arts activist David Octavius Hill (1802 – May 17, 1870) collaborated with the engineer and photographer Robert Adamson between 1843 and 1847 to pioneer many aspects of photography in Scotland. Contents … Wikipedia
David Octavius Hill — Hill beim Zeichnen in Greyfriars Kirk … Deutsch Wikipedia
